Avrupa’da Aşırı Sağın Kriz Siyaseti: Almanya (AFD) ve Fransa (RN) Örneklerinde Kimlik Stratejileri ve Popülist Tepkiler (2015–2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63556/ankad.v10i3.504Anahtar Kelimeler:
AfD- Kimlik İnşası- RN- Kriz Siyaset- Aşırı SağÖz
Bu çalışma, 2015–2023 yılları arasında Avrupa’da birbirini izleyen göç krizi, COVID-19 pandemisi ve enerji ile yaşam maliyeti krizlerinin aşırı sağ söylem ve kimlik inşası üzerindeki belirleyici etkilerini incelemektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, aşırı sağın krizleri siyasal bir kaldıraç olarak nasıl kullandığını ve toplumsal kutuplaşmayı söylemsel düzeyde nasıl derinleştirdiğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma kapsamında, Almanya için Alternatif (AfD) ve Fransa’daki Ulusal Birlik (RN) partilerinin kriz dönemleri nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden karşılaştırmalı analiz yoluyla incelenmiştir. Her iki partinin de krizleri yalnızca birer dışsal sorun olarak değil, ‘biz’ ve 'öteki' ayrımını keskinleştirmek, ulusal kimliği savunmak ve yerleşik siyasal elitleri gayri meşrulaştırmak için stratejik bir 'performans alanı' olarak kurguladığını göstermektedir. Çalışma, AfD ve RN’nin krizleri ekonomik veya güvenlik temelli teknik meseleler olmaktan çıkarıp, ulusun bekasına yönelik varoluşsal bir kültürel tehdit olarak çerçevelediğini ve bu yolla seçmen mobilizasyonu sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yönüyle makale, krizlerin aşırı sağın yükselişindeki araçsal rolüne dair literatüre, iki temel Avrupa vakası üzerinden karşılaştırmalı ve güncel bir perspektif sunmaktadır.
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