Eucalyptus Cultivation in Turkey and the Spread of Eucalyptus Forests (1936-1945)Eucalyptus Cultivation in Turkey and the Spread of Eucalyptus Forests (1936-1945)

Abstract

Eucalyptus forestry has become an important agricultural and forestry activity in Turkey, especially in the last century. Eucalyptus trees are widely grown in coastal areas of our country due to their fast growth characteristics and versatile usage areas. This type of tree is primarily used in the paper industry, as well as for lumber, furniture, and even medical purposes. These features were recognized since the early years of the Republic, leading to their cultivation. This is because, when the Republic was declared, the principle of the proper utilization and management of all the country’s resources was adopted. Careful management of both human resources and the use of surface and underground resources was essential. The protection of forests, one of the most important surface resources, needed to be ensured for the benefit of the country, and it was necessary to provide resources to the forest industry, which includes the most basic necessities. However, the forest cover across the country was around 12%. Research was initiated to preserve forest assets and to supply the forest products needed for the construction and development of the newly established country. As a result of the research, the eucalyptus tree was found to be suitable as it could be cultivated widely in many regions of our country, had high-quality lumber, and could be grown without harming existing forest stocks. Eucalyptus forests were first established in Tarsus and later in the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts. Eucalyptus forestry is noteworthy as it is the first application of industrial forestry in our country, which is also significant in terms of sustainability. The spread of eucalyptus forestry has opened up employment opportunities in rural areas. This study examines how and why eucalyptus forestry has become widespread in Turkey in light of archival documents.